Abstract:

Effects of psychological development on activities of daily living (ADL) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese people were examined longitudinally in a 14-year investigation. Subjects (N = 929, 391 men and 538 women, mean age = 71.2+-9.5 years) took part in both the first wave (1997-2000; Time 1) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA), as well as the follow-up postal survey (2013; Time 2: mean duration = 14.5+-0.7 years) and obtained full points (score = 13) in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) at Time 1. Subjects were also administered the Erickson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) and were inquired about variables related to their personal background at Time 1. TMIG-IC was again administered at Time 2. Based on the TMIG-IC score, subjects were classified into two groups: ADL maintaining group (TMIG-IC score >- 12 at Time 2, n = 774), and ADL declining group (TMIG-IC score <- 11 at Time 2, n = 155). Subjects were also classified into three groups based on their EPSI mean +- 1SD score. A generalized linear model, controlling for possible confounders examined the effect of EPSI on the decline in TMIG-IC. The odds ratio of low EPSI group to middle EPSI group for ADL decline was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.41-3.74, p < 0.001). The trend test of the odds ratio was significant (p < 0.001). These results suggest that psychological development is a strong factor in preventing the decline of ADL.

日本語要旨:

心理社会的発達の程度が低い場合、約14年後の日常生活活動能力低下のリスクが高くなることが示唆された（中群を基準とした場合のオッズ比2.3）。